How is telecommunications used

Users do not need their own system software and can use all the telephone services available from any location with internet access. The Voice over Internet Protocol, also called IP telephony, is a method of communication for making calls over a broadband Internet connection as an alternative to regular calls made…. Tele-communication networks. Telecommunication networks for two-way speech transmission phone networks Telecommunication networks for data transmission Merging of speech and data transmission via voice-over IP technology.

Telecommunication networks for two-way speech transmission phone networks Various types of phone network can be used for two-way speech transmission. Telecommunication networks for data transmission Telecommunication networks for transmitting data formerly used numerous different protocols. Merging of speech and data transmission via voice-over IP technology The increasing efficiency of IP networks, short latency periods and jitter values coupled with high bandwidths make data networks suitable for time-critical real-time applications such as telephony.

Now with tablets and smartphones, businesses can leverage mobile communication to streamline workflow and productivity. Employees can use their devices to access certain applications, respond to emails, work on presentations, and participate in teleconference conversations.

To ensure projects are progressing as forecasted, these teams likely connect regularly to discuss the status of the deliverables, share ideas, and address any unforeseen hurdles that may arise. With telecom services, these teams are equipped with the technology necessary to collaborate from any location — allowing for optimal productivity, enhanced connectivity, and increased teamwork.

With that in mind, if your B2B business has remote employees or your staff tends to travel frequently for meetings, telecom services are an effective means for staying connected and in-the-know.

Being able to access the internet at all hours of the day is a crucial facet of delivering high-quality customer service. How your business communicates with customers and potential customers will reinforce brand loyalty, help your team build better relationships with prospects and clients, and increase retention.

Telecommunication has completely transformed how people communicate and navigate their personal and professional lives. With an ever-present need for humans to connect and communicate, this industry is slated to continue its upward growth. It enables companies to communicate effectively with customers and deliver high standards of customer service. Telecommunications is a key element in allowing employees to collaborate easily from wherever they are located, remote or local.

Mobile telecommunication gives companies the opportunity to introduce more flexible working by allowing employees to work efficiently from home or other, more remote locations. Telephones still remain an important part of customer service strategies.

Call management techniques allow businesses to handle incoming calls efficiently, even when other lines are busy; calls can be routed to employees with the needed skills to handle each inquiry. Mobile telecommunications can help maintain communication capability for employees working in remote locations or at home. All employees use the same telecommunications device to access data, send and receive messages, work on documents, or participate in multimedia conferences. To take advantage of this, two fast packet-switching technologies are being introduced:.

Frame Relay : Fast packet switching that checks a packet for errors only at the entry and exit nodes of the telecommunications network, thus reducing transmission delay. Communication rules, called protocols , enable dissimilar hardware and software to communicate over a single network.

Network Protocols [Figure 7. Computer networks exist to provide connectivity among a variety of computers and access devices. To ensure orderly communication over a network, all the nodes in the network must follow a set of rules called protocols. These rules are complex. They extend from the electric connection to the network and the format of the message, all the way to the interaction between application programs that run on different nodes.

Explain to students that with the globalization of telecommunications, the International Standards Organization ISO has developed the OSI model in order to organizing protocols. The open system approach opens the field to a broad array of competing vendors, a situation that benefits users to ensure that they are not locked into a closed, proprietary protocol structure of a specific manufacturer.

Gives both users and vendors flexibility in conforming to a standard. Users can select a protocol for any layer of the model, as long as the protocol performs the necessary services and provides the same interface to the adjacent layers. If a layer has to be changed, only the hardware or software implementing that layer need be modified.

A protocol layer in one node interacts with the corresponding layer in another one. Table 7. Layer and its Function. Physical Provides access to the telecommunications medium and ensures transmission of the bit stream over it. Data Link Ensures error-free transmission of frames blocks of data over a network link. Network Routes messages or packets from source to destination by selecting connecting links. Transport Provides reliable end-to-end connection between two communicating nodes.

When packet switching is used this layer breaks a message into packets. Session Establishes, maintains, and terminates a connection session between two applications running on communicating nodes. A session lasts, for example, from a long-on to a specific application to a log-off. Issue requests for establishing and terminating a session to the session layer. Application Provides services to communicating application programs; examples include file transfer, running a remote program, allocating a remote peripheral, and ensuring integrity of remote databases.

Two protocol sets have gained importance:. TCP provides the higher-level services in connecting the communicating applications, while IP ensures the lower-level functions of routing and addressing, guiding the packets over the Internet. Interconnections among Networks. As communication needs increase, network connectivity becomes a major issue as users want to access a remote computer.

Gateways such as routers and bridges help solve the problem. Interconnection between two networks of the same type is accomplished by a relatively simple bridge , implemented in hardware and software. A router is a device that accepts messages in the format produced by one of the networks and translates them into the format used by the other. Organizations small and large use fast local area networks LANs to interconnect personal computers, and thus make a basic workgroup tool.

Local Area Network: Workplace for a Workgroup. A LAN interconnects computers within a single site, such as an office building, a manufacturing plan, or a corporate or university campus. Characteristics of a LAN include:. Its scope is commonly measured in feet. Communication speeds are very high. Used as a local means of computing and communication among users in larger firms. Are owned by the organization.

Afford a sense of control and the flexibility to meet the demands of the end users. A LAN gives its users the following capabilities:. Users can share resources, such as a fast printer or a database. Users can collaborate by communicating over their LAN. This collaboration may be facilitated by groupware that runs on a LAN. Users can access other networks within a firm or outside of it via bridges and routers.

There are two principal LAN designs :. Peer-to-peer - peripherals are located at terminals and system administration is largely left up to the users. Server-based networks - shared resources are placed a dedicated server that manage a given resource on behalf of user workstations sharing the resource file server, printer server, gateway, optical disk server.

Most of the servers are dedicated to their task; using them as workstations degrades the performance of the net. A company with a large number of telephones from 50 to over 10, often elects to own a computer-based private branch exchange PBX , an electronic switchboard that interconnects its telephones and provides connections to the public network. Characteristics of a PBX:. Gives a company control over the usage of its telephone system and offers a variety of features, such as call forwarding or voice messaging.

Maybe employed as a switch for data communications. Many newer PBXs use digital technology, eliminating the need for modems, and perform conversions needed to ensure connectivity between various equipment and telecommunications links. Easy to connect a new workstation to the net. Speeds of PBX-based networks are limited. An important current development in organizational computing is downsizing - moving from platforms based on mainframes and minicomputers to a microcomputing environment.

The processing of a given application is split up among a number of clients - serving individual users - and one or more servers - providing access to databases and doing most of the computing. Main objective of a client is to provide a graphical user interface to a user. Main objective of a server is to provide shared services to clients. Two-Tier Architecture. Three-Tier Architecture. Characteristics of Two-Tier Architecture: [Figure 7. Client performs presentation services.

It displays the GUI and runs the program that determines what happens when the user selects a menu option. Server manages the accesses to the database.

Clients send remote procedure calls to activate specific applications logic on a server. Characteristics of Three-Tier Architecture: [Figure 7. An application server runs most of the application logic, with the user workstation responsible for the display at the front end and the database server providing database servers at the back end. Objective is to distribute application so as to reduce the overall hardware costs while minimizing the network traffic.

Is attractive in terms of their acquisition price as related to their performance. Is moving computing control out of the data centers and into the end-user areas. Software is complex, and is expensive to maintain. Generate significant traffic on the firm's backbone network that connects clients and servers. Wide area networks are the fundamental infrastructure of organizational computing. These long-distance telecommunications networks employ a variety of equipment so that the expensive links may be used effectively.

The offerings of common carriers and of providers of value-added services may be combined with private networks to create an overall organizational network.